[south asia] Digest Number 1041

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There are 7 messages in this issue.

Topics in this digest:

1. LEPTOSPIROSIS - INDIA (MAHARASHTRA)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
2. New Light for Pakistan HIV sufferers
From: "jasghar_2000" <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
3. Short Courses in International Health
From: "Natascha Petersen" <short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
4. Looking for Public health position
From: thomas varghese <drthomasvarghese2003@yahoo.co.in>
5. Invitation to e-discussion on POVERTY, EQUITY AND HEALTH RESEARCH
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
6. Fellowship Positions (The Ellison Institute for World Health at Harvard University)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
7. Waterborne diseases kill 46 in Bombay
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 1
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 15:04:54 -0700 (PDT)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
Subject: LEPTOSPIROSIS - INDIA (MAHARASHTRA)

LEPTOSPIROSIS - INDIA (MAHARASHTRA)
***********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of
Infectious Disease products
<http://www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/infectiousdiseases/>

[1]
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005
From: Niyaz Ahmed <niyaz@cdfd.org.in>

There is a confirmed outbreak of leptospirosis in Mumbai that has
killed about 100 people in 2 days. Recent stormy rains have wrought
havoc in this major Indian business city. No information is available
on the serovars involved, but it looks like the pathogens involved
are highly aggressive [and are capable of bringing] extremely high
mortality.

Serovars Ratnapura, Valbuzzi and Grippotyphosa have been recently
documented to have severe epidemic potentials in the Andaman and
Nicobar islands (Vijayachari P, Ahmed N, Sugunan AP, et al: Use of
fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism for molecular
epidemiology of leptospirosis in India. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;
42:3575-80).

We suspect similar serovars must be circulating even in Mumbai
because it is a port city, and vessels bringing food supplies to the
Andaman islands and those ferrying people might help rodent
populations migrate to and from the island and the peninsula.

The disease kills scores of people every year in this country.
Despite the availability of good treatment options, diagnosis is a
major problem in India.

The news as it is developing is under coverage by Rediff.com:
<http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/11epidemic.htm>

- --
Dr Niyaz Ahmed
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics [CDFD]
Hyderabad, India
<niyaz@cdfd.org.in>

******
[2]
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005
From: Niyaz Ahmed <niyaz@cdfd.org.in>
Source: In.rediff.com [edited]
<http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/11epidemic.htm>

Govt says epidemic in Mumbai, retracts
- --------------------------------------
The Maharashtra government on Thu 11 Aug 2005 issued an epidemic
alert in Mumbai and then retracted it within hours. The Directorate
General of Information and Public Relations, in a press statement
sent late on Thu night, 11 Aug 2005, denied that there was any
epidemic in Mumbai.

Earlier, the Maharashtra government had said it declared an outbreak
of epidemic in the municipal areas of Mumbai and the Kalyan-Dombivli
region in the neighbouring Thane district.

66 people have died of suspected leptospirosis in Mumbai and Thane
district following torrential rains and subsequent floods last month,
Maharashtra Health Minister Vimaltai Mundada said in Mumbai on Thu,
11 Aug 2005. 37 cases of suspected leptospirosis were reported from
Mumbai alone, while 29 were reported in the Kalyan-Dombivli municipal
limits, she told reporters.

In view of the increasing [numbers of] cases of high fever and
suspected leptospirosis, the government has declared an epidemic in
these areas, the minister had said. However, within hours of the
epidemic warning, a DGIPR statement said: "This is to clarify that
the BMC (Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation) or the (Maharashtra)
state government has not declared Mumbai or any other area of the
state as epidemic threatened under the appropriate Act."

- --
Dr. Niyaz Ahmed
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD)
Hyderabad, India
<niyaz@cdfd.org.in>

******
[3]
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005
From: Pablo Nart <pablo11@hotPOP.com>
Source: OutlookIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=316354>

The Maharashtra government today, 11 Aug 2005, declared the outbreak
of an epidemic of suspected leptospirosis in Mumbai and the
Kalyan-Dombivali municipal areas.

Public Health Minister Vimaltai Mundada told reporters that as the
city was flooded after the July 26 torrential rains, there has been a
high incidence of leptospirosis cases in the 2 municipal areas.
"There are 37 deaths in Mumbai and 29 in Thane district, all due to
fever suspected of leptospirosis," she said.

"It's almost 15 days since the flooding took place and the next 4 to
5 days will be crucial, as leptospirosis has an incubation period
ranging between 4 and 21 days," the Health Minister said.

The minister said of nearly 1062 patients admitted to various
hospitals in Mumbai, 112 were cases of leptospirosis, 39 of dengue,
48 of typhoid, 183 of hepatitis, and 1127 of gastroenteritis. In
Thane district (particularly in Kalyan-Dombivali civic limits), 2648
persons have been admitted with high fever, and 1889 for
gastroenteritis, she added.

The Director General of Health Subhash Salunkhe admitted that some of
deaths in Kalyan-Dombivali areas took place as doctors in private
hospitals administered anti-malarial drugs for patients who had fever
suspected to be leptospirosis. "We have held an emergency training
of over 100 doctors from the region and worked out a case management
protocol for leptospirosis so that patients are treated well in
time," he added.

- --
Pablo Nart
<pablo11@hotPOP.com>

[ProMED thanks Dr Ahmed for his first-hand information regarding this cluster.
Whether this is an epidemic or not can be based on the change of leptospirosis
cases as compared to background numbers. Certainly the combination of extreme
flooding and a substantial rodent population will increase the level of the
disease. - Mod.LL]

[see also:
2004

Rana Jawad Asghar MD. MPH.
Coordinator South Asian Public Health Forum
jawad@alumni.washington.edu http://www.DrJawad.com
Typhoid Net http://www.typhoid.net

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 2
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 13:53:17 -0000
From: "jasghar_2000" <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
Subject: New Light for Pakistan HIV sufferers

New Light for Pakistan HIV sufferers
By Ayesha Javed Akram in Lahore

Nazir Masih is HIV positive and has been for more than a decade.
He is one of few Pakistanis willing to talk candidly about a still
highly taboo subject.

After being diagnosed in 1990, Nazir adopted a new mission in life as
founder of the Aids charity New Light.

The charity provides much-needed financial and emotional support to
others whose lives have been affected by the virus.

Before diagnosis, his hopes and dreams were like those of many
others.

"I always wanted to own a big house with a yard where my children
could ride their bicycles," he says.

"Taking over my father's three shops was all I ever wanted to do."

One mistake

Nazir dropped out of school after fifth grade (around age 10 to 11)
and tried his hand at bicycle repair.

He soon realised he was unable to live on his low earnings and like
so many young Pakistani men decided to try his luck abroad, in Abu
Dhabi.

We weren't invited to anyone's house. My children weren't allowed to
go to school and my wife's family refused to come over
Nazir Masih

Barely literate, he considered himself lucky to find work as a
domestic helper for a rich Arab family.

Things worked out well - he won promotion and respect.

"I really enjoyed my job there," he says. "They used to treat me like
a family member."

On a trip to Lahore, he married a girl of his mother's choice and
soon she fell pregnant.

It took one mistake to ruin it all.

"I couldn't afford to take my wife to Abu Dhabi and was living with
two other men who had also left their wives behind in Pakistan," says
Nazir.

"Every other weekend, we would go to a random hotel where you could
get a prostitute for 100 to 150 dirhams ($27-$40).

"I would often join my colleagues and I'm pretty sure I caught the
virus from one of those women," he recalls in a monotone voice that
suggests he has told this story countless times.

Resigned

Nazir came to know about his disease in 1990 when he visited the
Pakistan embassy in Abu Dhabi to have his passport renewed and visa
extended.

A new law making medical tests obligatory for visa applicants had
recently been passed and Nazir went through the test as an
immigration formality.

He tested positive for HIV.

He returned to Pakistan and shortly after received a letter from the
immigration office in Dubai informing him he could not go back.

Nazir still did not truly comprehend the significance of his illness.

"I thought I would be medicated, maybe have to go through surgery and
then be cured. I didn't realise this would define the rest of my
life," he says.

Eventually, as doctors explained the disease, Nazir resigned himself
to the reality of HIV and Aids.

"The worst part was realising I would never be cured. Every morning,
I would get up wondering how many more days I had left," he says.

The first few months were the worst time. "I just couldn't bring
myself to accept my fate."

Pakistan has not made any great progress in its Aids policies but
back in 1997 it was even more ill-equipped to deal with it.

Nazir had to endure daily visits from Ministry of Health officials
that virtually amounted to persecution, he says.

"They must have taken at least 20 blood samples from me and the same
number from my wife and two of my children."

News spread of his condition. Neighbours and friends avoided him.

"We weren't invited to anyone's house. My children weren't allowed to
go to school and my wife's family refused to come over. I felt
ostracised and rejected. I couldn't believe my entire family was
being punished so severely for a mistake I had made."

Under-diagnosis

The 50-year-old was contemplating suicide when he was contacted by a
Christian charity.

It provided him with the funds for his medication and also,
crucially, put him in touch with other HIV sufferers.

It started with three patients meeting once a month, lending each
other moral support.

A year later, Nazir laid the foundation for an organisation for HIV
patients, partially funded by Christian charities.

He called it New Light.

Today, New Light has about 60 HIV positive patients registered at its
offices in the Punjab.

"We provide general medical health care and specialised Aids
medication to patients," says Nazir.

He feels the situation has improved drastically for sufferers.

"The government has got a better handle on the situation now and even
society at large has the awareness to know the condition cannot be
transmitted by touching or eating with a patient."

However, Nazir admits cases of harassment and abandonment are still
not uncommon and at times New Light has had to provide refuge for
patients thrown out by their family.

Nazir knows the future will not be easy but also that being HIV
positive is no reason to give up.

According to Dr Faisal Sultan, an infectious disease specialist
working in Lahore, there may be an under-diagnosis of HIV in Pakistan
because doctors are reluctant to order the test, fearing they will
unduly alarm their patients.

The numbers are currently small, but Dr Sultan says: "Potentially
this is a big problem since other countries, notably India, have gone
from small to big in a very short time."

Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/south_asia/3536158.stm

Published: 2004/08/06 07:20:22 GMT

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 3
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 17:17:42 +0200
From: "Natascha Petersen" <short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
Subject: Short Courses in International Health

Dear Members of the South Asia Forum,

We would like to announce the following training courses offered in 2005 by
the

Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health of the University of
Heidelberg:

* Health and Human Rights In collaboration with WHO, ILO, UNFPA
10 - 21 October 2005
EUR 1.000 (reduced fee for first round)

* Financing Health Care - Principles of Insurance
7 - 18 November 2005
EUR 1.500

* Medical Anthropology as a Tool for Public Health
21 Nov - 2 Dec 2005
EUR 1.000 (reduced fee for first round)

The courses are designed to contribute to the capacity building of
professionals working in the health sector in low and middle income
countries.

Our target group includes MDs, nurses, pharmacists, policy makers,
project/program planners, managers, social scientists, educators,
consultants, etc.

All courses are accredited within "tropEd", a European Network for
Education, which offers a joint Master in International Health, yet they are
open for individual further training.

Participants receive a certificate of attendance from the University of
Heidelberg.

You will find a detailed description of the courses at the end of this
e-mail.

For further information, organisation & application forms please inquire at
short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de. You can also consult the web site

<http://www.hyg.uni-heidelberg.de/ithoeg/teaching/index.htm>
http://www.hyg.uni-heidelberg.de/ithoeg/teaching/short/short.htm

Please forward this e-mail also to interested colleagues. Thank you.

Kind regards

Natascha Petersen

____________________________________________________

Ms Natascha Petersen

Short Courses in International Health

Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health

University of Heidelberg, INF 324, D-69120 Heidelberg

Phone +49 6221 56 70 65, Fax +49 6221 56 49 18

E-Mail <mailto:Natascha_Petersen@urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
Natascha_Petersen@urz.uni-heidelberg.de

<mailto:Short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
Short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de

____________________________________________________

Short Courses in International Health 2005

At Heidelberg University, Germany

Health and Human Rights
10 - 21 October 2005

External Collaborators

* World Health Organization (WHO)
Interface and dynamics between global human rights policy and global health
policy.
* International Labour Organization (ILO)
Practice of child labour and the impact on their mental and physical health.
* United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Pertinent issues within the human rights framework: sexual and reproductive
health, violence against women, gender equality and women's empowerment.

Internal Collaborators

* South Asia Institute (SAI) at the University of Heidelberg
Using the framework of medical anthropology to provide insight on local and
cultural concepts of human rights.
* Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of
Heidelberg
Providing a historical background on human rights concepts.

Contents Overview

This course of study covers the general concepts and principles of human
rights, their relationship to, and impact within the health sector.

The course will use case studies from numerous countries, with a focus on
low and middle-income countries, and the experiences of those within the
course, to examine the vital role of human rights within the health sector.

Participants will have the opportunity to practice incorporating human
rights into policies, strategies, monitoring and evaluation.

Objectives

To enable health professionals and managers to understand the concepts and
principles of human rights within the health sector and to improve their
personal skills in applying and evaluating these rights. By the end of the
Course participants should be able to:

* Demonstrate knowledge of the implications for health within the
basic covenants for human rights
* Identify the key principles that underpin human rights discussions
within the health sector
* Explain the human rights principles in relation to the main topics
within the health sector: Equity, Access, Non-discrimination, Accountability

* Describe and discuss the implications on human rights of specific
policies and strategies for prioritizing health interventions for the poor
and the vulnerables.
* Formulate a strategy for a low income country to address equity in
the accessibility to drugs
* Discuss states parties' and international obligations and mechanisms
to protect and promote human rights within the health sector
* Describe international and local response mechanisms within the
health sector to assist victims of human rights violations
* Elaborate strategies to monitor the application of human rights
principles in the health sector

Financing Health Care - Principles of Insurance
7 - 18 November 2005

Objectives

The overall objective of this module is to learn experiences and lessons
learnt from different countries in the area of financing health care, which
can then be applied to different contexts.

In addition, discussion of cases will enable the students to develop an
analytic approach to problem solving and apply theoretical knowledge to a
real life context.

Specifically, upon the completion of this course, participants will:

* Describe the basic tools used in development and assessment of
financing mechanisms and critically analyse the advantages and weaknesses of
these tools

* Critically analyse the roles of the public and private sector in
health financing in different context

* Compare and analyse the basic features of health financing
mechanisms in developing countries and in developed countries

* Design a scheme of health financing based on current theories and
case study examples

Contents Overview

* Options for the financing of health services
* Evaluation tools for financing of health services
* Social health insurance: Case studies from Germany, Thailand
* Technical aspects of social insurance in other European countries
* Field trip: visits of different players in the German health
insurance system
* Traditional risk sharing schemes in West Africa: classification,
tasks and functions
* Community based insurance (CBI): rationale, concepts and
implementation
* CBI case: CBI study in Burkina Faso
* From CBI to universal coverage: re-insurance

Anthropology as a tool for Public Health

November 21 - December 2

When health professionals come to work in contexts different from their own
they are often faced with a set of challenging questions: Why do health
policies and programmes not work everywhere? How can we understand different
cultural ideas about health and the body, and how do such ideas affect our
health programs? Why is knowledge about certain health risks not enough to
change actual patient behaviour? And why do people prefer local healers even
though they have access to modern medicine?

How people explain, cure and react to illness is always shaped by their
cultural background. Even though illness is a universal phenomena, its
management is not. This cultural dimension of health and illness is an
important factor for medical professionals and Public Health workers.

This course provides essential knowledge about the links between health and
culture, and also imparts methodological tools that will help students to
understand and use cultural categories in the context of health related work
It will explore the social and cultural determinants of health seeking
behaviour, and investigate the relation between medicine and local healing
systems.

In the course we will use ethnographic case studies from the field of
Medical Anthropology in order to create an understanding of culturally
constructed concepts of illness and disease. Drawing on a range of sources
from different countries, including Europe, the manifold connections between
culture and health will be explored. On the basis of these case studies the
methods of Medical Anthropology will explained and their usefulness and
applicability for health care issues demonstrated. Students will be taught
anthropological methods, and conduct training interviews among themselves

Content

* Medical Anthropology and Public Health
* Medical systems as cultural systems
* The body as a cultural construct
* Explanatory models and health seeking behaviour
* Methods in Medical Anthropology: combining qualitative and
quantitative methods
* Medical pluralism
* Indigenous and traditional medicine; patients and healers; health
and cosmology, ritual and religious healing
* STDs and HIV/AIDS culturally contextualised

Objectives

At the end of the course the participants will

* have demonstrated a solid understanding of the impact of culturally
constructed ideas on concepts of health and illness in different social
settings
* be able to use ethnographic methods in order to identify culturally
constructed ideas on health, illness and the body
* know how to apply the collected data and information to gain a
better understanding of specific health care problems and apply the results
in health care management issues

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 4
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 05:40:20 +0100 (BST)
From: thomas varghese <drthomasvarghese2003@yahoo.co.in>
Subject: Looking for Public health position

SIR ,I AM MBBS(1985) WITH PG IN PUBLIC HEALTH(DPH) AND PG IN PEDIATRICS,,CAN YOU HELP ME TO GET A PARTTIME OR FULLTIME SENIOR LECTURER JOB IN PUBLIC HEALTH OR PEDIATRICS WITH RESONABLE SALARY IN CHINA OR IN USA OR UK OR ABROAD, I AM WILLING TO JOIN ANY DEPT DRTHOMASVARGHESE,MBBS,DPH,DCH, CUNCHATTIL,TAZAKARA.PO. VAZUVADY,,MAVELIKARA,INDIA PHONE9847280722

[This message contained attachments]

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 5
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 20:04:52 -0700 (PDT)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
Subject: Invitation to e-discussion on POVERTY, EQUITY AND HEALTH RESEARCH

--- Neil Pakenham-Walsh <neilpw@doctors.org.uk> wrote:

> Date: Tue, 09 Aug 2005 14:34:59 +0100
> To: webmaster@saphf.org,jawad@alumni.washington.edu
> From: Neil Pakenham-Walsh <neilpw@doctors.org.uk>
> Subject: Request for posting
Dear Rana Jawad Asghar,

Hi, how are you? I would be very grateful if you could forward the message
below on your list.

Neil Pakenham-Walsh MB,BS
Independent consultant: health information research
Co-moderator, HIF-net
16 Woodfield Drive
Charlbury, Oxfordshire OX7 3SE, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1608 811338
Email: neilpw@doctors.org.uk

Invitation to e-discussion on POVERTY, EQUITY AND HEALTH RESEARCH

We would like to invite South Asia Public Health Forum colleagues to
participate in a special HIF-net e-conference on 'Poverty, equity and
health research', from now until the
end of August. HIF-net is an email list that looks especially at issues of
'access to information for health workers in developing countries.' It is a
dynamic list with over 1200 people of different disciplines. From now until
the end of August we are extending the scope of the list to embrace wider
issues of POVERTY, EQUITY AND HEALTH RESEARCH, supported by the Global
Forum for Health Research as part of their preparations for the Global
Forum's 2005 annual meeting, Forum 9, in Mumbai, India, 12-16 September
2005.

The e-conference is introduced below by Susan Jupp from the Global Forum
for Health Research, together with a short paper from Stephen Matlin,
executive director of the Global Forum. The paper is also available at:
http://www.globalforumhealth.org/filesupld/news/SAM%20intro%20for%20hif-net.pdf

There are two ways in which you may like to contribute:

1. Join HIF-net. If you would like to join, please send an email with your
name, affiliation and interests to hif-net@dgroups.org

2. If you prefer, send your comments to southasia@yahoogroups.com

As members of your list, and many others, we shall pull threads together
for a
synthesis of the issues from different perspectives, and will forward a
summary to this list in the
first week of September.

We look forward to your contributions.

Fred Bukachi and Neil Pakenham-Walsh
HIF-net co-moderators
http://www.dgroups.org/groups/HIF-net/index.cfm

*******************************************
INTRODUCTION

The Global Forum for Health Research is an independent international
foundation promoting more health research to combat the neglected diseases
and conditions that are major sources of ill health in developing
countries. See our website for details: www.globalforumhealth.org.

By 'health research', we understand the whole spectrum from biomedical
research that creates new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics, to health
systems and policy research which ensures that health systems are better
informed and managed, to social science and operational research to
improve access and uptake and to help us better understand what affects
the health and the choices of people in the community.

Each year, in a different region of the world, the Global Forum holds an
annual meeting bringing together 600 to 700 participants. This year the
meeting will take place in Mumbai, India, from 12 to 16 September and its
theme is 'Poverty, equity and health research'.

Even with this large number of participants, we know we are not
necessarily able to include all those who have something to contribute to
the discussions. Over the past few years, we have introduced different
mechanisms to reach out to listen to these other voices. Through a call
for abstracts, for example, we receive proposals for presentations that
enrich the annual meeting programme. In addition last year we created an
electronic magazine, RealHealthNews, which aims to bring good news on
health research from all over the world to a wider audience.

This year we would like to extend the outreach of our annual meeting
through an e-discussion, made possible by HIF-net.

Although the HIF-net community focuses particularly on issues of access to
healthcare information, there is an important interdependence with the
areas under discussion at Forum 9: poverty, equity, health research. By
opening up the HIF-net community to this broader discussion and attracting
more health researchers to HIF-net, we hope to help bridge communication
gaps between researchers and other disciplines concerned with access and
use of health information.

The Global Forum has included in recent annual meetings a focus on access
to health information. As a subscriber to HIF-net for several years, I am
delighted to be able to solicit the views of the HIF-net community and
others with a broad range of expertise.

Susan Jupp, Head of Communications and Information, Global Forum for
Health Research

[HIF-net profile: Susan Jupp is Head of Communications and Information
with the Global Forum for Health Research, based in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Global Forum for Health Research is an independent international
foundation promoting more health research to combat the neglected diseases
and conditions that are major sources of ill health in developing
countries. http://www.globalforumhealth.org
susan.jupp@globalforumhealth.org ]

*******************************************
POVERTY, EQUITY AND HEALTH RESEARCH by Stephen Matlin, Executive Director
of the Global Forum for Health Research

Despite unprecedented gains in life expectancy in many countries during
the last several decades, there is a growing crisis of ill health, whose
dimensions include global threats from emerging and re-emerging infectious
diseases; rapidly increasing levels of noncommunicable diseases and
injuries in developing countries; and widening health gaps within and
between countries. Many of these challenges can be met by improving health
systems and by accelerated and more determined application of known and
proven interventions.

However, more health research - to create new knowledge and technologies;
to increase our capacity to apply these equitably and effectively in
different contexts and settings; and to understand how health is
influenced by a range of social determinants - remains vital if we are to
achieve the goals of narrowing the gaps and improving global health.

Health research encompasses the spectrum from the biomedical sciences
(such as creation of affordable and accessible drugs, vaccines and
diagnostics) to health policy and systems research, social sciences,
political sciences, health economics, behavioural and operational
research, and research into the relationship between health and the
cultural, economic, physical, political, social and policy environments.

Research on social determinants of health

Research is yielding important insights into factors that have a major
bearing on the health of individuals and groups - poverty, inequities and
other social determinants. What lessons can be drawn from this research,
how can it be applied to improving health, and what further investigations
are needed to support implementation?

Health inequities are those inequalities in health status and outcomes
that are both unfair and avoidable. They reflect people's different
positions within social hierarchies - including but not limited to the
hierarchy of poverty and wealth. Epidemiological evidence shows that most
of the global burden of disease and the bulk of health inequalities
between and within countries are caused by social and economic factors:
the social determinants of health. The most important include poverty;
social exclusion; health systems; environments; food security; water and
sanitation; children's early life environment; education; housing;
employment and working conditions; and the effects of community and social
structures ('social capital') on health.

Today health equity gaps are growing between and within countries, even as
medical technology makes unprecedented strides. Indeed, some technological
advances have the potential to widen the health gaps between the world's
haves and have-nots. Overcoming health inequities and breaking the cycle
of poverty and disease are urgent challenges for global health. To tackle
health inequities and address the health needs of poor and vulnerable
communities requires action on the broader social determinants of health.

Health research has a crucial role to play in this process. The great
challenge today is to move from describing the problems to acting upon
them - and then accurately measuring results.

Research on health systems

Health systems everywhere face major challenges in resources (financial,
institutional and human), organization and management and in their
responsiveness to policy and to the health needs of the populations they
serve. Research plays a key role in providing evidence on what works, how
to scale up systems and how to narrow equity gaps in access and in health
outcomes.

Research is vital to understanding and improving health policies, health
systems and the relationships between them. A well-functioning health
system therefore needs to incorporate research activities on a continuous
basis.

Research and development of technologies for health

Despite the fact that the world now spends more than US$ 100 billion every
year on health research, there are still insufficient priority and
resources devoted to addressing many of the global health challenges and
especially those that predominantly affect lower income countries.

The changing patterns of disease burden are presenting new challenges to
global health. At the same time, a range of major scientific advances in
the last decade offer exciting opportunities for prevention, diagnosis and
treatment.

Build national capacity for health research in all countries

Forum 9 encourages the sharing of country experiences in building national
health research capabilities. It will examine
- Successes and failures
- Methods and approaches
- The influence of political will on building and effectively utilizing
research capacity

It will also critically look at the capability of developing nations to:
- Conduct research into social determinants of health
- Engage in effective health systems research
- Develop technologies and products that respond to national health
priorities.

QUESTIONS

What is your experience? What can you share?

1. What are the essential roles of health research in supporting efforts
by governments, donor agencies, research institutions and other actors to
- identify health needs and inequities, including those based on
biological, environmental, social and other determinants
- create appropriate knowledge, tools and processes to address these
- develop and implement evidence-informed and priority-linked policies to
improve health
- increase the effectiveness of targeting health programmes and services
to address issues of poverty and equity in health?
- promote health

2. What mechanisms can be developed to increase the resources (financial,
human, institutional) applied to health research (encompassing the
spectrum of biomedical, health policy and systems, social sciences and
behavioural research) to meet the needs of people everywhere and
especially the poor and marginalized?

*****************
Please send your comments to
hif-net@dgroups.org
and/or
southasia@yahoogroups.com

Thank you.

Rana Jawad Asghar MD. MPH.
Coordinator South Asian Public Health Forum
jawad@alumni.washington.edu http://www.DrJawad.com
Typhoid Net http://www.typhoid.net

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 6
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 20:02:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
Subject: Fellowship Positions (The Ellison Institute for World Health at Harvard University)

--- Andrew Colitz <acolitz@camail.harvard.edu> wrote:

> From: "Andrew Colitz" <acolitz@camail.harvard.edu>
> To: <info@saphf.org>, <awad@alumni.washington.edu>
> Subject: FW: Publicizing Fellowship Positions on the Alumni
> Website/Distribution List
> Date: Wed, 10 Aug 2005 09:54:20 -0400
Hello Dr. Rana Jawad Asghar,

There is a new global health institute (The Ellison Institute for World
Health at Harvard University) and we are trying to recruit mid-career
research professionals and recent post-doctoral students to collaborate on a
variety of research projects in the areas of economics, public health,
health policy, demography, and related fields with the expectation that
Fellows will make important research contributions for future international
health policy. We would love to publicize the announcement on the South
Asian Public Health Forum and send it out to the members on your
distribution list. I have attached the announcement (in both PDF and Word
Format). Can you please let me know if this is possible. Thank you for
your help.

Best Regards, Andrew

Andrew Colitz
Staff Assistant
Harvard University Initiative for Global Health
104 Mt. Auburn Street 3rd Floor
Cambridge, MA 02138
tel +1 617 495 8222
fax 617 495 8231
andrew_colitz@harvard.edu
www.globalhealth.harvard.edu
======================
Ellison Institute at Harvard University

A new global institution, the Ellison Institute at Harvard University, is
currently seeking distinguished candidates for the Ellison Global Health
Fellows Program.

The mission of this groundbreaking new Institute is to improve population
health and the efficiency of health-system resource use through the regular
reporting of inputs, outputs, and impacts of the world’s health systems and
major health funders. Fostering accountability for the achievements of health
systems and major health actors requires global reporting of benchmarked
measurement of spending, coverage of key services and interventions (preventive
and curative), efficiency, and, most importantly, the impact of current
policies and practices on population health. The work of the Ellison Institute
at Harvard University is designed to provide key information that will help
governments, bilateral donor agencies, multilateral institutions, foundations,
nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to improve their own
performance.

Program Overview:
The Ellison Global Health Fellows Program is currently accepting applications
for a two-year fellowship to work at the Ellison Institute at Harvard
University in Cambridge, MA. Fellows are expected to apply their core research
skills in the areas of economics, public health, health policy, demography, and
related fields with the expectation that they will make important research
contributions for future international health policy.

Fellows will have abundant opportunities to collaborate with many faculty
mentors within the Ellison Institute at Harvard University on a number of
research areas, including: national health accounts, health intervention
delivery, cost-effectiveness, mortality, burden of disease/comparative risk
assessment, population health, health forecasts, financial risk protection, and
efficiency of resource use. Global Health Fellows are expected to produce
research deliverables related to the content priorities of the Institute
including: working papers, journal articles, and presentations for
international conferences during their tenure at the Ellison Institute. In
addition to the annual salary, Fellows will have access to a full range of
university resources including benefits.

Applicant Eligibility Requirements:
An MD and/or a PhD in health economics, health services research, statistics,
epidemiology, public health, or related field or equivalent experience is
required. Applications will be accepted on a rolling basis beginning in
November 2005. This fellowship has a flexible start date of January 1, 2006
and a minimum starting salary of $45,000.

Interested applicants should forward an electronic copy of the following:
· a letter of intent (describing the applicant’s research areas of interest)
· one letter of recommendation
· a copy of a curriculum vitae

Please send these documents via email to: global-health@harvard.edu and
include, “Ellison Global Health Fellows Program” in the subject line of your
email.

If you are unable to send us your materials via email, you may send them to us
at the following street address:
Ellison Institute at Harvard University
Ellison Global Health Fellows Program
104 Mount Auburn St., 3rd Floor
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
=============================================================

Rana Jawad Asghar MD. MPH.
Coordinator South Asian Public Health Forum
jawad@alumni.washington.edu http://www.DrJawad.com
Typhoid Net http://www.typhoid.net

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Message: 7
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 20:20:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Dr Rana Jawad Asghar <jawad@alumni.washington.edu>
Subject: Waterborne diseases kill 46 in Bombay

Waterborne diseases kill 46 in Bombay
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_12-8-2005_pg4_24
BOMBAY: At least 46 people have died from waterborne diseases in Bombay in the
past four days following widespread floods that crippled western India last
month, civic officials said Thursday.

“We suspect that many deaths were due to leptospirosis,” said Johnny Joseph,
Bombay’s civic commissioner. Leptospirosis is an infection caused by water
contamination. Dozens of patients admitted to hospitals across India’s
financial capital have shown symptoms of leptospirosis including high fever,
body ache and vomiting, Joseph said.

The deaths mainly occurred in Bombay’s northeastern suburbs where floodwater,
mixed with sewage water, entered low-lying shanties. Civic officials said
deaths also occurred due to malaria, diarrhoea and typhoid.

The floods, triggered by record monsoon rains, which began July 26, killed more
than 1,000 people in western India, of which more than 400 deaths were in
Bombay. Some 200 people complaining of fever and vomiting have been admitted to
hospitals in 14 areas across Bombay and surrounding suburbs, sparking fears of
an epidemic. afp

Rana Jawad Asghar MD. MPH.
Coordinator South Asian Public Health Forum
jawad@alumni.washington.edu http://www.DrJawad.com
Typhoid Net http://www.typhoid.net

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Check our new website at
http://www.saphf.org

Also please don’t forget to tell your friends and colleagues about South Asian Public Health Forum. Thanks!

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yahoo! Groups Links

<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/southasia/

<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
southasia-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com

<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/

------------------------------------------------------------------------

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[afro-nets] Short Courses in International Health

Short Courses in International Health
-------------------------------------

Dear AFRO-NETS Members,

We would like to announce the following training courses offered
by the Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health of the
University of Heidelberg, Germany.

The courses are designed to contribute to the capacity building
of professionals working in the health sector in low and middle
income countries.

Our target group includes MDs, nurses, pharmacists, policy mak-
ers, project/program planners, managers, social scientists, edu-
cators, consultants, etc.

All courses are accredited within “tropEd”, a European Network
for Education, which offers a joint Master in International
Health, yet they are open for individual further training.

Participants receive a certificate of attendance from the Uni-
versity of Heidelberg.

Remaining courses for 2005

* Health and Human Rights In collaboration with WHO, ILO, UNFPA
10 ­ 21 October 2005, EUR 1.000 (reduced fee for first round)

* Financing Health Care ­ Principles of Insurance
7 ­ 18 November 2005, EUR 1.500

* Medical Anthropology as a Tool for Public Health
21 Nov ­ 2 Dec 2005, EUR 1.000 (reduced fee for first round)

You will find a detailed description of the courses at the end
of this e-mail.

For further information, organisation & application forms please
mailto:short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de

You can also consult the web site:
http://www.hyg.uni-heidelberg.de/ithoeg/teaching/short/short.htm

Please forward this e-mail also to interested colleagues.
Thank you.

Kind regards,

Ms Natascha Petersen
Short Courses in International Health
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health
University of Heidelberg, INF 324
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Tel: + 49-6221-56-7065
Fax: + 49-6221-56-4918
mailto:Natascha_Petersen@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
mailto:Short.courses@urz.uni-heidelberg.de

____________________________________________________

Short Courses in International Health 2005
at Heidelberg University, Germany

Health and Human Rights
10 ­ 21 October 2005

External Collaborators

* World Health Organization (WHO)
Interface and dynamics between global human rights policy and
global health policy

* International Labour Organization (ILO)
Practice of child labour and the impact on their mental and
physical health.

* United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Pertinent issues within the human rights framework: sexual and
reproductive health, violence against women, gender equality and
women’s empowerment.

Internal Collaborators

* South Asia Institute (SAI) at the University of Heidelberg
Using the framework of medical anthropology to provide insight
on local and cultural concepts of human rights.

* Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of
Heidelberg
Providing a historical background on human rights concepts.

Contents Overview

This course of study covers the general concepts and principles
of human rights, their relationship to, and impact within the
health sector.

The course will use case studies from numerous countries, with a
focus on low and middle-income countries, and the experiences of
those within the course, to examine the vital role of human
rights within the health sector.

Participants will have the opportunity to practice incorporating
human rights into policies, strategies, monitoring and evalua-
tion.

Objectives

To enable health professionals and managers to understand the
concepts and principles of human rights within the health sector
and to improve their personal skills in applying and evaluating
these rights. By the end of the Course participants should be
able to:

* Demonstrate knowledge of the implications for health within
the basic covenants for human rights

* Identify the key principles that underpin human rights discus-
sions within the health sector

* Explain the human rights principles in relation to the main
topics within the health sector: Equity, Access, Non-
discrimination, Accountability

* Describe and discuss the implications on human rights of spe-
cific policies and strategies for prioritizing health interven-
tions for the poor and the vulnerables.

* Formulate a strategy for a low income country to address eq-
uity in the accessibility to drugs

* Discuss states parties’ and international obligations and
mechanisms to protect and promote human rights within the health
sector

* Describe international and local response mechanisms within
the health sector to assist victims of human rights violations

* Elaborate strategies to monitor the application of human
rights principles in the health sector

--
Financing Health Care ­ Principles of Insurance
7 ­ 18 November 2005

Objectives

The overall objective of this module is to learn experiences and
lessons learnt from different countries in the area of financing
health care, which can then be applied to different contexts.

In addition, discussion of cases will enable the students to de-
velop an analytic approach to problem solving and apply theo-
retical knowledge to a real life context.

Specifically, upon the completion of this course, participants
will:

* Describe the basic tools used in development and assessment of
financing mechanisms and critically analyse the advantages and
weaknesses of these tools

* Critically analyse the roles of the public and private sector
in health financing in different context

* Compare and analyse the basic features of health financing
mechanisms in developing countries and in developed countries

* Design a scheme of health financing based on current theories
and case study examples

Contents Overview

* Options for the financing of health services
* Evaluation tools for financing of health services
* Social health insurance: Case studies from Germany, Thailand
* Technical aspects of social insurance in other European coun-
tries
* Field trip: visits of different players in the German health
insurance system
* Traditional risk sharing schemes in West Africa: classifica-
tion, tasks and functions
* Community based insurance (CBI): rationale, concepts and im-
plementation
* CBI case: CBI study in Burkina Faso
* From CBI to universal coverage: re-insurance

--
Anthropology as a tool for Public Health
November 21 ­ December 2

When health professionals come to work in contexts different
from their own they are often faced with a set of challenging
questions: Why do health policies and programmes not work every-
where? How can we understand different cultural ideas about
health and the body, and how do such ideas affect our health
programs? Why is knowledge about certain health risks not enough
to change actual patient behaviour? And why do people prefer lo-
cal healers even though they have access to modern medicine?

How people explain, cure and react to illness is always shaped
by their cultural background. Even though illness is a universal
phenomena, its management is not. This cultural dimension of
health and illness is an important factor for medical profes-
sionals and Public Health workers.

This course provides essential knowledge about the links between
health and culture, and also imparts methodological tools that
will help students to understand and use cultural categories in
the context of health related work It will explore the social
and cultural determinants of health seeking behaviour, and in-
vestigate the relation between medicine and local healing sys-
tems.

In the course we will use ethnographic case studies from the
field of Medical Anthropology in order to create an understand-
ing of culturally constructed concepts of illness and disease.
Drawing on a range of sources from different countries, includ-
ing Europe, the manifold connections between culture and health
will be explored. On the basis of these case studies the methods
of Medical Anthropology will explained and their usefulness and
applicability for health care issues demonstrated. Students will
be taught anthropological methods, and conduct training inter-
views among themselves

Content

* Medical Anthropology and Public Health
* Medical systems as cultural systems
* The body as a cultural construct
* Explanatory models and health seeking behaviour
* Methods in Medical Anthropology: combining qualitative and
quantitative methods
* Medical pluralism
* Indigenous and traditional medicine; patients and healers;
health and cosmology, ritual and religious healing
* STDs and HIV/AIDS culturally contextualised

Objectives

At the end of the course the participants will

* have demonstrated a solid understanding of the impact of cul-
turally constructed ideas on concepts of health and illness in
different social settings
* be able to use ethnographic methods in order to identify cul-
turally constructed ideas on health, illness and the body
* know how to apply the collected data and information to gain a
better understanding of specific health care problems and apply
the results in health care management issues
_______________________________________________
Post message: afro-nets@healthnet.org
Subscribe: afro-nets-join@healthnet.org
Unsubscribe: afro-nets-leave@healthnet.org
Help: afro-nets-owner@healthnet.org
Info & archives: http://list.healthnet.org/mailman/listinfo/afro-nets

posted by JunkCentral @ Thursday, August 11, 2005 0 comments

E-MAIL WINNING NOTIFICATION!!!

FROM: MRS.MABEL VAN DYKE
THE LOTTERY CO-ORDINATOR,

INTERNATIONAL PROMOTIONS/PRIZE AWARD DEPARTMENT.

RE / AWARD NOTIFICATION

BACTH NO: LHTE/EU/1599/66788

REF. No: LHTE/EU/1570/60654/002

WINNING NOTIFICATION / PROCESSING ADVICE

This is to inform you of the release of the E-MAIL LOTTERY BALLOT INTERNATIONAL/ WORLD GAMING BOARD held on the 6thAUGUST 2005. Due to the mix up of number, the results were released on the 11th AUGUST 2005.

Your email address attached to Ticket No:4586394333 with Serial No 2114654777 drew the lucky numbers of 04-01-55-40-89 which subsequently won the lottery in the 1st category.

You have therefore been approved for a lump sum payout of 1.000,000.00 EUROS (ONE MILLION EUROS ONLY) in credit to a file reference number KHLM8774352087 This is from total prize money of 7.000,000.00(SEVEN MILLION EUROS )
shared among the international winners in our 1st -5th categories. All participants were selected through a computer ballot system drawn form 25,000 company email addresses and 3,000,000 individual email addresses from all search engines and website all over the world as part of International Promotions Program,conducted every TWO years ,and this is promoted and sponsored by eminent personalities.

CONGRATULATIONS! Your funds is now in custody of a financial/Security company insured in your FILE REFERENCE and covered with HIGH INSURANCE POLICY

Due to mix up of some numbers and names, we ask that you keep your winning information confidential until your claims has been processed and your money Remitted to you. This is part of our security protocol to avoid double claiming and unwarranted abuse of this program by some participants.To process your claim, please contact your file/claim officer:
MR HARRY SMITH
DAYZERS LOTTERY

Tel, +31-647-154-553.

Fax, +31-847-542-053.

email to:harrysmith9@walla.com

Make sure that you quote your winning references in all your correspondence with them.

Please be informed that NON RESIDENCE of NETHERLANDS will be required to procure an Affidavits of Lotto Claim/Court clearance certificate from the Court in NETHERLANDS prior to European Gaming Board as required by the paying Authority.

Please be aware that your Paying Authority will Effect Payment Swiftly upon satisfactory Report, For due processing and remittance of your winning prize to designated account of your choice, please treat as urgent.

NOTE: In order to avoid unnecessary delay and complications, please remember to quote your reference and batch numbers in every one of your correspondences with your agent and all reply must be via email as to ensure the legibility.

Furthermore, should there be any change of your address, do inform your claims agent as soon as possible.

Note that all winning must be claimed not later than 27th AUGUST 2005.

After this date all unclaimed, funds will be included in the next stake.

Congratulations once more from our members of staff and thank you for being part of our promotional program.

Note: Anybody under the age of 18 is automatically disqualified.

Yours Sincerely,

MABEL VAN DYKE

Lottery Coordinator

___________________________________________________
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posted by JunkCentral @ Thursday, August 11, 2005 0 comments

DEAR WINNER

LUCKY EURO LOTTO INTERNATIONAL
SUBSIDIARY OF LOTTO NL
INTERNATIONAL PROMOTION/PRIZE AWARD DEPT.THE NETHERLANDS
KONINGENSTRAAT 19
1305 KZ UTRECHT,
THE NETHERLANDS.
REF: N.L.I-BV AMSNL147/04
BATCH: 12/25/DC24
SERIAL NUMBER: 5388/04

WINNING NOTIFICATION

We are pleased to inform you of the result of the LUCKY EURO LOTTERY INTERNATIONAL programs held on the 30th June 2005.

Your e-mail address attached to ticket number 4411465886-629 with serial number 5388/04 drew lucky numbers 7-14-17-23-31-44, which consequently won in the 2nd category; you have therefore been approved for a lump-sum pay amount of €700,000.00 ( Seven Hundred Thousand Euro) Only.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!

Due to mix up of some numbers and names, we ask that you keep your winning information confidential until your claims has been processed and your money remitted, this is part of our security strategy to avoid double claims and unwarranted abuse of this program by some participants.

All participants were selected through a computer ballot system drawn from over 100,000 companies and 50,000,000 individual email addresses and names from all over the world.

This promotional program take place every Year, We hope that with your winning, you will continue to participate on this annual lottery promotions conducted by our joint corporation.

To file your claim, please contact our fiduciary agent:
Mr. Johnson Van sal
Lottery Processing Office
Subsidiary of Lotto NL
Pretoriustraat 144-148
1505 GD Zaandam,
The Netherlands.
Tel: +31-626-538-151
Email: luckyeurolotto@netscape.net

Please be informed that NON RESIDENCE of THE NETHERLANDS will be required to make a NON DEDUCTABLE advance payment of processment and
legal documentation charges of (€850 .10 Cent) Eight Hundred And Fifty Euro Ten Cent, to enable our legal department acquire Notorisation papers from the Court prior to award payment policy as required by the Paying Securiry Company.

Please be aware that your Paying Authority will Effect Payment Swiftly upon satisfactory Report, Verifications and validation provided by our Processing Agent that would be designated to your file, for due processment and remittance of your winning prize to your designated account of your choice.

Remember, all prize money must be claimed not later than 25th of August 2005. After this date, all funds will be returned as unclaimed, funds will be included in the next stake, which will be held in June 2006. In order to avoid unnecessary delays and complications please remember to quote your reference number and batch numbers in all correspondence.

Furthermore, should there be any change of address do inform our agent as soon as possible.

Congratulation once more from every staff of Lucky Euro Lotto International.

Anybody under the age of 18 is automatically disqualified.

Sincerely yours,
Mrs. Juliana Mulder (Lottery Co-ordinator)
Subsidiary of Lotto NL.
Koningenstraat 19
1305 KZ Utrecht,
The Netherlands.

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trade in ST0CKS featured within this email. None of the materia| within
this report sha|| be construed as any kind of investment advice or
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Dear,
On the 5th of February, 2003, my husband, Chief Harry Marshals was murdered in our Abuja resident. Before the death of my husband, he was the Vice Chairman of the All Nigerian People's Party (ANPP) in Nigeria. This is a political party that contested with the present ruling Party, People's Democratic Party, (PDP) that the present President won on.

I have to mourn my husband for one year according to tradition, which ended on the 5th of February, 2004 and I have to stay extra months before the Will of my husband will be read.
On the 1st of January 2005, My late husband's lawyer, Bar John Okafor summonded the family and read out the Will of my late husband, which part of it stated that my husband has a financial deposit of $11,000,000 with a security company in London and other fixed assets in Nigeria which am left with to train my two kids and also invest in your country.

The lawyer suggested to look for a reliable person to be in possession of the fund as I was adviced not to leave the country pending when the culprits are brought to book. But I refused as I want to get a trusted person to handle the fund for me as this is what am left with to train my two kids. I am not asking you for money, rather trust and honesty are what I need from you.

I will like to get your response on my private email: m_marshals1@yahoo.com and I will forward your information to the lawyer who will advice you properly. I will compensate you financially for your assistance, please treat this with passion and compassion.
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